Synthesis of mRNA - in vitro transcription

1. working with RNA
2. preparation of the template
3. defined reaction mixture
4.  high yield synthesis with PPase
5.  Ambion kit

working with RNA

treat all solutions with DEPC
store pipet tips, reaction tubes and buffers in a separate cabinet/drawer
wear gloves, the fingers are a very good source for RNase
RNase is resitent to autoklaving! Sterile tubes may easily be contaminated with RNase, when touched by fingers before autoklaving



Linearisation of the plasmid template


  • digest 5 to 10 µg of plasmid with an appropriate enzyme
  • increase volume with TE to 50 µl
  • extract with phenol/chloroform and with chloroform
  • add 0,1 vol 3 M Na-Ac, 2,5 vol cold ethanol, mix
  • precipitate DNA at -20ºC
  • spin 15 min, wash with cold 70% ethanol, dry pellet
  • disolve in 10 µl DEPC H2O
  • measure absorption at 260 nm
  • store at -20ºC in RNA box
purity of plasmid:  you may use minipreps

synthesis with defined components


reaction mixture (20 µl):
1 - 2 µg  linearised plasmid (dep. on size)
4 µl 5x buffer
2 µl DTT (100 mM)
1 µl RNAsin (20 u)
4 µl 5x rNTP mix (with cap)
1 µl SP6 polymerase  (20-40 u)

  • incubate reaction mix for 1 h at 40ºC
  • add 2 µl 5mM GTP, incubate 15 min
  • add 1 µl 0,5 M EDTA to stop the reaction
  • at TE to a volume of 50 µl
  • extract first with phenol/chloroform and then with chloroform
  • add 0,1 vol 3 M Na-Ac (DEPC treated)
  • 2,5 vol cold ethanol
  • precipitate at -20ºC
  • spin 15 min at 4ºC
  • wash with 70% ethanol
  • dry in speed vac
  • dissolve in 10 µl DEPC H2O
  • measure concentration, adjust to 1 mg/ml
  • store at -20ºC (RNA box)

The typical yield is 20 µg. To remove the DNA template you may incubate with  DNAse (1U) for 15 min prior to phenol extraction.


5x buffer:  
200 mM Tris/HCl pH7.5
30 mM MgCl2
10 mM Spermidin

5x rNTP mix:
2,5 mM ATP
2,5 mM UTP
2,5 mM CTP
0,5 mM GTP
2,5 mM m7G(5)ppp(5)G

RiboMAX- high yield synthesis

The reaction mixture contains pyrophosphatase. Pyrophosphate is a product of the polymerisation reaction and becomes rate-limiting under standard conditions. The concentration of the nucleotides is the second rate-limiting factor. For T7 RNA polymerase upto 7.5 mM, for SP6 upto 5 mM of each NTP can be used.

reaction mixture (20 µl)
x µl   DEPC water
1-2 µg  DNA template (1 µg for short PCR products)
4 µl   5x transcription buffer
x µl   rNTP mix (use upto 7.5/5 mM final)
1 µl    RNAsin (20 U)
1 µl    PPase (0,1 U)
2 µl    RNA polymerase (40 U)

  • set up the reaction mixture on ice, mix
  • incubate for 4h at 37°C
  • add an additional 20-40 U of RNA polymerase
  • incubate for 2h at 37°C
  • add TE to a final volume of 100 µl  
  • extract with Phenol/chloroform and precipitate with ethanol

5x transcription buffer
400 mM Hepes/KOH pH 7,6
10 mM spermidine
200 mM DTT
80 mM MgCl2 for SP6 (60 mM for T3, T7)

Pyrophosphatase
dissolve 100 U of yeast PPase (Sigma) in 100 µl of 2x PP buffer (20 mM Tris-Acetat pH 7,6, 20 mM NaCl, 0,2 mM EDTA, 2 mM DTT, 0,02% Triton X-100). Add 100 µl of glycerol to final 50%. The final concentration of 0,5 U/µl is 100x concentrated.

The reaction conditions slightly vary for the SP6 and T3/T7 RNA polymerase. For the SP6 pol Mg2+ is 16 mM and 1µg DNA template is sufficient. For T3/T7 12 mM Mg and 2 µg DNA template are added.

The expected yield is in the range more than 100 µg with T7 polymerase.


Ambion kit: mRNA synthesis


x µl DEPC treated water
y µl template DNA (1 µg, linearised plasmid)
10 µl 2xNTP/cap
2 µl 10x buffer
2 µl enzyme mix
-------
20 µl
  • mix, incubate at 37°C for 1 to 2 h
  • add 80 µl DEPC water and 15 µl ammonium acetate to stop the reaction 
  • extract with phenol/chloroform and chloroform
  • precipitate with Ethanol (0.1 volume 3 M Na-Ac, 2,5 vol EtOH), mix, store overnight at -20°C
  • wash with 70% ethanol
  • dissolve dry pellet in 20 µl DEPC water
  • measure A260 with 1 µl in 200 µl TE
  • store in aliquots at -20°C

Ambion kit: RNA synthesis


x µl DEPC treated water
y µl template DNA (1 µg, linearised plasmid)
2 µl ATP (75 mM for T7 kit, 50 mM for SP6 kit)
2 µl GTP
2 µl CTP
2 µl UTP
2 µl 10x buffer
2 µl enzyme mix
-------
20 µl
  • mix, incubate at 37°C for 1 to 2 h
  • add 80 µl DEPC water and 15 µl ammonium acetate to stop the reaction 
  • extract with phenol/chloroform and chloroform
  • precipitate with Ethanol (0.1 volume 3 M Na-Ac, 2,5 vol EtOH), mix, store overnight at -20°C
  • wash with 70% ethanol
  • dissolve dry pellet in 50 µl DEPC water
  • measure A260 with 1 µl in 200 µl TE
  • store in aliquots at -20°C
template: cut the plasmid with an appropriate enzyme, extract with phenol/choloroform and precipitate with EtOH
dissolve in DEPC water, measure A260 to determine the concentration. Following the reaction you may add DNase to degrade the template.

yield: You may expect a yield of upto 200 µg RNA.