Subspecies
|
(1) Poecile montana montana (Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827)
(2) Poecile montana affinis (Przewalski, 1876)
(3) Poecile montana anadyrensis (Belopolski, 1932)
(4) Poecile montana baicalensis (Swinhoe, 1871)
(5) Poecile montana borealis (De Selys-Longchamps, 1843)
(6) Poecile montana kamtschatkensis (Bonaparte, 1850)
(7) Poecile montana kleinschmidti (Hellmayr, 1900)
(8) Poecile montana loennbergi (Zedlitz, 1925)
(9) Poecile montana restricta (Hellmayr, 1900)
(10) Poecile montana rhenana (Kleinschmidt, 1900)
(11) Poecile montana sachalinensis (Loennberg, 1908)
(12) Poecile montana salicaria (Brehm, 1831)
(13) Poecile montana songara (Sewertzow, 1873)
(14) Poecile montana stoetzneri (Kleinschmidt, 1921)
(15) Poecile montana uralensis (Grote, 1927) (see note below)
(16) Poecile montana weigoldica (Kleinschmidt, 1921)
The subspecies structure of this species is unclear and very much
debated. Most of the intraspecific variation is clinal, thus no clear
borders between the taxa exist. The list above only gives those
subspecies that are accepted by most authors. There are many more, but
they are usually synonymized with one of the above. The taxa affinis,
songara, and weigoldica are clearly separated genetically in the
available studies (Kvist et al. 2001; Salzburger et al. 2002). All others are not genetically separated for those
genetic portions studied so far (mitochondrial control region and the
cytochrome b gene in the mitochondrial genome), but show some
differences in song structure and plumage color. The analysis of nuclear
genes might reveal genetic separation between the different subspecies
in the future, and may clarify the status of the debated forms.
The name uralensis is a new replacement name, which was introduced to
replace the name rossica (original combination: Parus atricapillus
rossicus) which is considered as preoccupied by Parus russicus Brehm,
1855. However, although both names mean the same thing (rossicus =
russicus = "from Russia"), they differ by a single letter and could be
considered non-homonymous under the regulations of the Code. The valid
name for this subspecies would then be Poecile montana rossica instead
of Poecile montana uralensis.
Sometimes, Poecile montana and the North American Poecile atricapilla
are considered as conspecific (in which case the name atricapilla would have precedence), but this is not adopted here.
In Germany, several clines meet and,
thus, several forms occur here, but also intergrade. Usually, the
subspecies montana, borealis, salicaria, and rhenana are recognized in Germany.
|
Synonyms
|
Synonymy of Poecile montana montana:
Parus cinereus montanus Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827
Parus montanus (Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827)
Parus montanus montanus (Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827)
Poecile montanus (Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827)
Poecile montana (Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827)
Poecile montanus montanus (Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827)
Poecile montana montana (Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827)
Parus salicarius supermontanus Kleinschmidt, 1921
Parus salicarius transsylvanicus Kleinschmidt, 1921
Poecile atricapillus elenae Lowe, 1921
Parus atricapillus relictus Troller, 1922
Parus atricapillus alpinus Ghidini et Von Burg, 1924
Parus atricapillus festae Von Burg, 1925
Parus atricapillus jouardi Von Burg, 1925
Parus atricapillus arrigonii Von Burg, 1925
Parus salicarius styriacus Kleinschmidt, 1937
Parus salicarius schiebeli Kleinschmidt, 1937
Parus atricapillus rhodopeus Harrison et Pateff, 1937
Synonymy of Poecile montana borealis:
Parus borealis De Selys-Longchamps, 1843
Parus montanus borealis (De Selys-Longchamps, 1843)
Poecile montanus borealis (De Selys-Longchamps, 1843)
Poecile montana borealis (De Selys-Longchamps, 1843)
Parus assimilis Brehm, 1855
Poecile salicaria neglecta Zarudny et Haerms, 1900 (nec Ridgway, 1879; junior secondary homonym)
Poecile salicaria bianchii Zarudny et Haerms, 1900
Parus borealis tischleri Kleinschmidt, 1917
Synonymy of Poecile montana rhenana:
Parus rhenanus Kleinschmidt, 1900
Parus montanus rhenanus (Kleinschmidt, 1900)
Poecile montanus rhenanus (Kleinschmidt, 1900)
Poecile montana rhenana (Kleinschmidt, 1900)
Parus salicarius subrhenanus Kleinschmidt et Jordans, 1916
Synonymy of Poecile montana salicaria:
Parus salicarius Brehm, 1831
Parus salicarius salicarius Brehm, 1831
Poecile salicarius (Brehm, 1831)
Poecile salicarius salicarius (Brehm, 1831)
Poecile salicaria (Brehm, 1831)
Poecile salicaria salicaria (Brehm, 1831)
Poecile montanus salicarius (Brehm, 1831)
Poecile montana salicaria (Brehm, 1831)
Parus accedens Brehm, 1855
Parus salicarius submontanus Kleinschmidt et Tschusi, 1913
Parus salicarius natorpi Kleinschmidt, 1917
Note: most authors argue that the gender of the genus Poecile is
unclear. These authors propose that there is no evidence
(neither original nor circumstantial) to suggest its gender, and thus it
must be regarded as masculine by default. However, this is incorrect:
"Poecile" is originally the name of the famous art hall at the market of
ancient Athens, and the name has later been used for a similar art
gallery in the villa of the Roman emperor Hadrian. Its use in the Latin
language clearly assigns to "Poecile" feminine gender (Poecile, -es),
thus the species epithet must also use the feminine gender, and
therefore is "montana" not "montanus". The same is true for the epithets
salicaria and rhenana.
Additional German name: Alpenmeise.
|
Identification
|
No information has been entered yet.
|
Distribution
|
In Germany, the distribution of several subspecies meets and partially
intergrades. The eastern half of Germany is inhabited by the subspecies
Poecile montana salicaria, whereas the parts west of the Rhine are
inhabited by Poecile montana rhenana. In the northernmost parts of
Germany (northern end of Schleswig-Holstein), the subspecies Poecile
montana borealis can be encountered, that is distributed from there
throughout Denmark and further east through Scandinavia and eastern
Europe to the Ural mountains. The nominate subspecies does not normally
occur in Germany, but is distributed in the Alpine regions of Austria
and Italy. However, Poecile montana montana intergrades with Poecile
montana salicaria, and thus more or less pure-bred individuals of
Poecile montana montana may be encountered in the Bavarian Alps.
|
Biology
|
No information has been entered yet.
|
|
|
|
|
