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Eresus sandaliatus |
| Subspecies No subspecies are recognized. Original description Synonyms Aranea sandaliata Goeze (in Lister in libro converso ab Martini et Goeze), 1778 (p. 287) Eresus
sandaliatus (Goeze (in
Lister in libro converso ab Martini et
Goeze), 1778)
Aranea purpurata
Panzer, 1804 (p. 47)Type locality: Regensburg, Germany (as inferred from Schaeffer´s book title) Eresus
purpuratus (Panzer, 1804)
Eresus annulatus
Hahn, 1821 (not paginated; first page of
species descriptions)Type locality: not given. Panzer referred to the specimen figured by Schaeffer, then the type locality is Regensburg. However, the note "Habitat in graminosis tempore foenisecii" (= "lives in meadows during mowing season") points to additional local material available to Panzer: Panzer lived in Erlangen. Erythrophorus annulatus (Hahn,
1821)
Eresus
cinnaberinus auct. nec Olivier, 1789
(misidentification)Type locality: Eichstätt and Regensburg, Bayern. Note: While all other authors given in the synonymy above described this species without being aware that there are other similar species, Hahn (1821) recognized the difference between the present species and the species currently called Eresus kollari. However, his description is antedated by Panzer´s Aranea purpurata (Panzer 1804). I suggest that this name should be regarded as the valid name, because the work by Martini and Goeze (1778) is not consistently binominal and thus its validity for zoological nomenclature is doubtful (see next note). However, the name Eresus sandaliatus is currently regarded as the valid name by most authors and I provisionally accept this notion until a full revision of Eresus of the world clarifies the systematics of this spider group. Note: the work by Martini and Goeze (1778) is problematic. Firstly, most authors give this source as "Martini and Goeze in Lister". This is not quite correct. The book is basically a German translation of Lister´s book (Lister 1678) prepared by Martini. However, Martini was not only the translator, but he also added footnotes, and Goeze added several more. Martini had also prepared a list of spider literature and Goeze added several references combining everything in the "Alphabetisches Verzeichniß der Schriftsteller, die von Spinnen gehandelt haben" that follows the "Vorrede". In the "Vorrede" Goeze writes that he is the sole author of the "Anhang neuer Spinnenarten, welche im Linné nicht befindlich sind" that contains descriptions of new species. Thus, the author of the whole work is Lister (although he died in 1712 and thus 66 years before this translation was published). Martini prepared the translation and Martini and Goeze co-authored the annotations and footnotes. But the species descriptions must be attributed to Goeze alone. A more serious problem of Goeze´s "Anhang" (Goeze 1778) is that it is not consistently using binominal nomenclature. Goeze listed Latin names if they were available, but he also invented new ones, if he reported new species that were illustrated or described by other authors, but which were not yet named. In fact, his description of Aranea sandaliata or "Der rothe Pantoffelhacken" (= "red slipper heel") appears in the section "Neue Spinnenarten aus Schaeff. Icon. Ratisbon." (= "New spider species from Schaeffer´s book Icones insectorvm circa Ratisbonam indigenorvm"). Thus this chapter describes animals figured by Schaeffer (1766). Indeed, Aranea sandaliata looks like a binominal name, but this is pure coincidence: in the same section Goeze names other species as "Aranea fusca cruciger" or "Aranea sulphurea globosa" and another one simply "Aranea sulphurea" and one species is even called "Aranea M", because it has a marking that looks like an M. This shows that Goeze was not fully aware of the binominal idea behind the Linnean system and his names were only sometimes resembling binominal names, but the other names clearly show that all of his names are in fact short Latin expressions of a descriptive character. This calls into question the validity of the names by Goeze (1778). The availability of Goeze´s names will have to be confirmed or refuted in a World revision of Eresus. In the meantime, I provisionally accept Goeze´s name as the valid name for the species. Identification Distribution Biology |
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been updated on May 31, 2012 This site is online since May 31, 2005 Copyright © by Nikola-Michael Prpic. All rights reserved. |
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