Synonymy of Bupalus piniaria piniaria:

Phalaena piniaria Linnaeus, 1758
Bupalus piniaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bupalus piniaria piniaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bupalus piniarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bupalus piniarius piniarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
Phalaena tiliaria Linnaeus, 1758
Fidonia iberaria Kolenati, 1846
Bupalus flavescens White, 1876
Bupalus mughusaria Gumppenberg, 1887


Note: Bupalus is the name of a sculptor from Chios, who appears in the poems of the greek poet Hipponar. It is therefore of masculine gender and all adjectival species-group names combined with it must take the masculine form as well. However, the formula-like species-group names in the Geometridae ending in "-aria" are of an unclear nature and their adjectival use is debated. The species-group name "piniaria" is based on the Latin pinus ("pine tree"), but is not a proper Latin form. Therefore, I do not regard it as an adjective or an adjectival form, but as a form comparable to Roman cognomina. These were also formed irregularly from a basic word (e. g. "Cicero" formed from the word "cicer" (chickpea) as the cognomen for Marcus Tullio Cicero). Most importantly, although the cognomina usually agreed in gender with the name-bearer, this was not a requirement: several cognomina did not agree in gender (as implied by the cognomen ending) with the bearer of the cognomen, e.g. Publius Cornelius Arvina, Gaius Antonius Hybrida, or Lucius Sergius Catilina. Thus, I regard "piniaria" as a noun in apposition that does not change its form when combined with different genera.